Saint Petersburg at the Forefront of Demographic Transition in Russia

In post-reform Russia, a demographic transition began — replacement of the traditional type population reproduction with modern one. A significant part had rationalized behavior; indicators improved; efficiency increased; intra-family relations been humanized; and individual birth control developed mainly in cities. The earlier than is commonly thought among townspeople Saint Petersburg province, where obvious signs decrease mortality marriage were already revealed first half 19th century. province was lead because it most urbanized one cosmopolitan, cosmopolitan city which intensive economic cultural ties West, begun at end 18th century France. second century, spread entire urban population, turn 19th–20th centuries rural but to varying degrees provinces. Demographic improved progress medicine sanitation, expansion free medical care, an increase level change mentality, beginning control, as well due standard living general population.